Gingival Depigmentation with Dental Lasers for Management of Gingival Hyperpigmentation

Introduction – Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common esthetical concern in patients with gummy smile or excessive gingival display. It is an overproduction of melanin, beyond the normal expected degree in the oral mucosa, induced by various causes.

Etiology – Several physiologic and/or pathologic factors can cause hyperpigmentation. Gingival hyperpigmentation is mostly caused by the physiologic deposition of a brown pigment, melanin produced by melanocytes in the basal and supra-basal cell layer of the gingival epithelium. The colour of gingiva depends on the intensity of the melanogenesis, degree of epithelial cornification, depth of epithelialization and the arrangement of gingival vascularity.

Treatment Modalities – Gingival depigmentation is a treatment to remove melanin hyperpigmentation of the gingiva and various methods have been used for this procedure with different degrees of success including gingivectomy, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemotherapy with 90% phenol and 95% alcohol and abrasion with diamond bur. Moreover some of these techniques are prone to side effects and complications.

However, Laser therapy is an effective and noninvasive treatment option for Gingival Depigmentation. In depigmentation process the epithelial tissue exhibiting excessive melanin pigments is ablated using diode lasers. PIOON Laser offers different wavelengths like 450nm, 810nm/980nm which can either be used in contact or non-contact manner to perform this procedure.

Most recommended for an effective treatment procedure is the blue light (450nm) which can be backed by a report by Kenneth Luk in 2017 where he studied the comparison between the 810nm and 445nm working in a noncontact mode to perform depigmentation of gingiva. He stated that 445nm is much better absorbed by melanin and haemoglobin than 810 nm and hence, a much lower power density can be used for the treatment. Manaf Agha in 2020 concluded that lesser the power settings used for the procedure, faster would be the healing with much less discomfort to the patient leading to greater acceptance of the procedure.

Before laser irradiation, the operating staff, assistant and the patient wears special laser-protective eye glasses corresponding to laser wavelength, highly reflective instruments or instruments with mirrored surfaces are avoided and most of the times only the use of topical anesthesia suffices for a painless laser tissue ablation.

Rationale behind Use of Lasers – Laser ablation has been recognized as a pleasant and reliable technique. It has the advantage of easy handling of tissues because of bloodless field, shorter chairside time, treatment finishes in single visit and property of potential decontamination. Additionally, protein coagulum formed on the depigmented surface as a result of irradiation act as a biological wound dressing sealing the ends of sensory nerve endings and hence lesser pain and discomfort is experienced by the patients.

Conclusion – Diode dental laser is a safe and effective treatment modality that provides optimal aesthetics with minimal discomfort to patients with gingival hyperpigmentation.

Reference – Luk K. Non-ablative melanin depigmentation of gingiva. Cosmetic dentistry. 2017. 36-39 and Agha M. Laser Treatment for Melanin Gingival Pigmentations: A Comparison Study for 3 Laser Wavelengths 2780, 940, and 445nm. Int J Dent.2020. March: 3896386.

Axis Direct Brokerage Calculator

What is a Demat Account?

A Demat Account allows traders and investors to hold the shares and securities in an Electronic format. Moreover, it replaces the old-fashioned trading and holding in physical shares with an innovative way of electronic form. A lot of paperwork is reduced due to it being in an electronic form and almost everything is done online. A Demat account will make investing and trading very convenient for any investor. Additionally, the shares are stored in dematerialized form and all the stocks once entered into the Demat account are converted from physical to electronic form.

What are the benefits of a Demat Account?

Less Paperwork: All your investments are stored in an electronic form that eliminates almost all documentation and reduces paperwork.
Reduces Cost: Trading in physical shares will reduce the higher transactional cost. Moreover, all the extra expenses like stamp duty and handling charges are eliminated by using a Demat Account.
Instant Transactions: As all the shares are in Electronic Form, a Demat account makes the transactions faster and results in quick credit for investors.
Safe and Secure: Trading in physical share format has many risks associated with like damage, loss, and misplacement of shares. Additionally, when you open a Demat account all these risks get eliminated.
Axis Direct Demat account opening guide

Some Facilities offered by Demat Account

Multiple Access
Easy Transfer of Shares
Freezing of Demat Account
Quick Dematerialisation and Rematrialization
How does an Online Demat Account Work?

An Online Demat Account is like a bank account only difference that exists is that a bank account holds cash and a Demat account holds securities and shares. Moreover, when you buy shares the DP or Depository Participant credits your Online Demat account with the particular shares you want to purchase. After the shares are credited, it is reflected in your statement of holdings. If you trade via the internet, you can view the holdings of yours in an Online Form.

When you go for a sell transaction for selling your shares you need to give instructions to your broker. Moreover, your account is debited with shares, and the money is received after the shares are sold. If you are trading via Online mode through the internet the debit transaction will directly be reflected in your account with credit of the amount of money.

Types of Demat Account

Regular Demat Account: A regular Demat account is appropriate and used by traders and investors who reside in India. SEBI has introduced an Account type that is called BSDA (Basic Services Demat Account) for investors with holdings that do not exceed Rs. 2 lakhs. The maintenance charges of this type of Demat Account are low annually.
Repatriable Demat Account: A Demat account type that is appropriate and used by NRIs or Non-resident Indians under which the funds can easily be transferred abroad. A Demat account of this type requires an NRE bank account in association with it.
Non-Repatriable Demat Account: A type of Demat account that is generally used by NRIs in which funds cannot be transferred abroad. In addition to that, a Demat account of this type will require an NRO bank in association with it.
What is a Trading Account?

Trading Account is usually used for buying or selling equity shares in the Stock Market. Moreover, the stock exchange previously was functioning on the open outcry system. In such type of system, the traders used verbal communication and hand signals to convey their decisions of buying or selling a particular stock by mentioning the quantity. Additionally, later the stock markets totally adopted the new and advanced electronic system.

Everything is now available in online mode where the buyers and sellers do not have to be present at the stock exchange in order to place a particular order. In addition to that, they even open a trading account for you with a registered stock market broker who conducts the trading. Every trading account has a unique ID for trading and that can be utilized to perform all the transactions online.

What are the benefits of a Trading Account?

Reliable Information: For going into the field of Equity Investing, you need to take the right decision at right time. Moreover, Online trading provides services like research reports and knowledgeable professionals. These reports provide the investors with reliable information that makes the investment decisions well-informed.
One-point Access: There are multiple exchanges in the country of India that help the investor to trade in a variety of commodities and securities. Some of the leading exchanges are NSE, BSE, MCX, and NCDEX. Moreover, having a trading account will enable Wealth creation in just one click.
Flexibility: The trading platforms provide flexibility as there is the facility of web-based and application-based platforms. You can have easy access to many devices from which you can trade.
How does a Trading Account Work?

A trading account acts as a mediator or link between the bank account and the Demat account of the investor. Moreover, investors can place his order through this type of account when he wants to buy shares. Additionally, when the buy order is placed the transaction is later processed in the stock exchange. The shares are credited into his Demat account and the proportionate amount of money is debited from the Bank account.

If a similar process takes place for the sale of shares. The investor should choose to sell a specific number of shares suppose 50 Shares. The transaction is processed in the stock exchange and the 50 shares (Example) are debited to his Demat account and the amount of money of those shares is credited to his bank account.

Conclusion

To sum it up, a Demat account will help keep your shares and securities in an electronic form, and a Trading account will help you trade in the stock exchange. Additionally, there are many benefits of a Demat like safety, instant transactions, less paperwork, and cost reduction. Moreover, the benefits of a trading account include one-point access, flexibility, seamless transaction, notification, and much more. Having Demat and trading accounts will make your trading journey simple and hassle-free.

Soya Bean Nutrition Facts and Health Effects

Soybeans or soya beans (Glycine max) are a kind of legume native to eastern Asia.

They are a crucial component of Asian diets and are consumed for thousands of years. Today, they’re mainly grown in Asia and South and North America.

In Asia, soybeans are often eaten whole, but heavily processed soy products are far more common in Western countries.

Various soy products are available, including soybean meal, soy protein, tofu, soy milk, soy sauce, and soyabean oil.

Soybeans contain antioxidants and phytonutrients that are linked to varied health benefits. However, concerns are raised about potential adverse effects.

This article tells you everything you would like to understand about soybeans. (Read The NutritionistOf Perth Research)

Nutrition facts

Soybeans are mainly composed of protein but also contain good amounts of carbs and fat.

The nutrition facts for 3.5 ounces (100 grams) of boiled soybeans are :

Calories: 173
Water: 63%
Protein: 16.6 grams
Carbs: 9.9 grams
Sugar: 3 grams
Fiber: 6 grams
Fat: 9 grams
Saturated: 1.3 grams
Monounsaturated: 1.98 grams
Polyunsaturated: 5.06 grams
Omega-3: 0.6 grams
Omega-6: 4.47 g

Protein

Soybeans are among the simplest sources of plant-based protein.

The protein content of soybeans is 36–56% of the dry weight (2Trusted Source, 3Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).

One cup (172 grams) of boiled soybeans boasts around 29 grams of protein.

The nutritional value of soy protein is sweet, although the standard isn’t quite as high as animal protein.

The main sorts of protein in soybeans are glycinin and conglycinin, which structure approximately 80% of the entire protein content. These proteins may trigger allergies in some people.

Consumption of soy protein has been linked with a modest decrease in cholesterol levels.

Fat

Soybeans are classified as oilseeds and wont to make soyabean oil.

The fat content is approximately 18% of the dry weight — mainly polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, with small amounts of saturated fat.

The predominant sort of fat in soybeans is linolic acid, accounting for about 50% of the entire fat content.

Carbs

Being low in carbs, whole soybeans are very low on the glycemic index (GI), which may be a measure of how foods affect the increase in blood glucose after a meal.

This low GI makes soybeans suitable for people with diabetes.

Fibre

Soybeans contain a good amount of both soluble and insoluble fibre.

The insoluble fibres are mainly alpha-galactosides, which can cause flatulence and diarrhoea in sensitive individuals.

Alpha-galactosides belong to a category of fibres called FODMAPs, which can exacerbate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Despite causing unpleasant side effects in some people, soluble fibres in soybeans are generally considered healthy.

They are fermented by bacteria in your colon, resulting in the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can improve gut health and reduce your risk of carcinoma.

SUMMARY

Soybeans are a really rich source of plant-based protein and fat. What’s more, their high fiber content is sweet for your gut health.

Vitamins and minerals

Soybeans are an honest source of varied vitamins and minerals, including :

Molybdenum. Soybeans are rich in molybdenum, an important chemical element primarily found in seeds, grains, and legumes.

Vitamin K1. the shape of vitamin K found in legumes is understood as phylloquinone. It plays a crucial role in blood coagulation.

Folate. Also referred to as vitamin B9, folate has various functions in your body and is taken into account particularly important during pregnancy.

Copper. Dietary intake of copper is usually low in Western populations. Deficiency may have adverse effects on heart health.

Manganese. A chemical element is found in most foods and beverages. Manganese is poorly absorbed from soybeans thanks to their high phytic acid content.

Phosphorus. Soybeans are an honest source of phosphorus, an important mineral abundant within the Western diet.

Thiamine. Also referred to as vitamin B1, thiamine plays a crucial role in many bodily functions.

SUMMARY

Soybeans are an honest source of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin K1, folate, copper, manganese, phosphorus, and thiamine.